Fig. 5

Efficacy of STEAP4 overexpression in Hep G2 Cells via copper reductase activity. A STEAP4 overexpression in Hep G2 cells shows no significant cytotoxicity. B, C Copper incubation induces a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on Hep G2 cells, with 50 μM copper identified as a non-cytotoxic concentration. D Co-treatment with STEAP4 overexpression and 50 μM copper decreases cell viability in Hep G2 cells. E, F Co-treatment with STEAP4 overexpression and 50 μM copper reduces colony formation in Hep G2 cells. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ^##p < 0.0001