Fig. 1

Investigation of differential GDF15 expression across different tumors. A. Box plots showing the differential expression between tumor and adjacent normal tissues for GDF15 across all TCGA tumors. Tumor types with normal data available are displayed in gray columns. The statistical significance is computed by Wilcoxon test. B-D. Box plots showing differential expression of GDF15 in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (KICH, B), clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC, C), and papillary renal cell carcinoma (KIRP, D) tissue samples compared to their corresponding normal counterparts. The statistical significance is computed by paired t-test, with Welch-Satterthwaite approximation used to estimate the ‘effective’ degrees of freedom. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001